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Groundwater pollution containing ammonium, iron and manganese in a riverbank filtration system: Effects of dynamic geochemical conditions and microbial responses
Author(s) -
Meng Li,
Zuo Rui,
Brusseau Mark L.,
Wang Jinsheng,
Liu Xin,
Du Can,
Zhai Yuanzheng,
Teng Yanguo
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
hydrological processes
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.222
H-Index - 161
eISSN - 1099-1085
pISSN - 0885-6087
DOI - 10.1002/hyp.13856
Subject(s) - biotransformation , manganese , environmental chemistry , chemistry , ammonium , groundwater , pollutant , aquifer , oxidizing agent , environmental engineering , environmental science , geology , biochemistry , geotechnical engineering , organic chemistry , enzyme
Bench‐scale experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of hydraulic loadings and influent concentration on the migration and biotransformation behaviour of three groundwater pollutants: ammonium (NH 4 + ), iron (Fe 2+ ) and manganese (Mn 2+ ). Columns packed with aquifer media collected from a riverbank filtration (RBF) site in Harbin City, NE China were introduced synthetic groundwater (SGW) or real groundwater (RGW) were at two different constant flow rates and initial contaminant concentrations to determine the impact of system conditions on the fate of the target pollutants biotransformation. The results showed that the biotransformation rate of Fe 2+ Mn 2+ and NH 4 + decreased by 8%, 39% and 15% under high flow rate (50 L d −1 ) compared to low flow rate (25 L d −1 ), which was consistent with the residence‐time effect. While the biotransformation rate of Fe 2+ Mn 2+ and NH 4 + decreased by 7%, 14% and 9% under high influent concentration comparing with original groundwater. The 16S rRNA analysis of the aquifer media at different depths after experiments completion demonstrated that the relative abundance of major functional microbes iron‐oxidizing bacteria and manganese‐oxidizing bacteria under higher flow rate and higher influent concentration decreased 13%, 14% and 25%, 24%, respectively, whereas the ammonium‐oxidizing bacteria and nitrite‐oxidizing bacteria exhibited minimal change, compared to the lower flow rate. Above all results indicated that both high flow rate and high concentration inhibit the biotransformation of NH 4 + , Fe 2+ and Mn 2+ . The biotransformation of Fe 2+ and Mn 2+ occurs primarily in the 0–40 cm and 20–60 cm depth intervals, respectively, whereas the NH 4 + biotransformation appears to occur relatively uniformly throughout the whole 110 cm column. The biotransformation kinetics of NH 4 + in RGW and SGW, Mn 2+ in RGW at different depths accords with the first order kinetics model, while Fe 2+ in RGW and SGW, Mn 2+ in SGW presented more complicated biotransformation process. The results should improve understanding of the transport and fate of common groundwater pollutants in RBF and other groundwater recharge environments.