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Stormflow generation in a small rainforest catchment in the Luquillo Experimental Forest, Puerto Rico
Author(s) -
Schellekens J.,
Scatena F. N.,
Bruijnzeel L. A.,
van Dijk A. I. J. M.,
Groen M. M. A.,
van Hogezand R. J. P.
Publication year - 2004
Publication title -
hydrological processes
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.222
H-Index - 161
eISSN - 1099-1085
pISSN - 0885-6087
DOI - 10.1002/hyp.1335
Subject(s) - hydrology (agriculture) , surface runoff , streamflow , throughfall , environmental science , drainage basin , macropore , water balance , soil water , catchment hydrology , subsurface flow , precipitation , storm , discharge , geology , soil science , groundwater , ecology , chemistry , oceanography , biology , biochemistry , catalysis , mesoporous material , geotechnical engineering , cartography , meteorology , geography , physics
Various complementary techniques were used to investigate the stormflow generating processes in a small headwater catchment in northeastern Puerto Rico. Over 100 samples were taken of soil matrix water, macropore flow, streamflow and precipitation, mainly during two storms of contrasting magnitude, for the analysis of calcium, magnesium, silicon, potassium, sodium and chloride. These were combined with hydrometric information on streamflow, return flow, precipitation, throughfall and soil moisture to distinguish water following different flow paths. Geo‐electric sounding was used to survey the subsurface structure of the catchment, revealing a weathering front that coincided with the elevation of the stream channel instead of running parallel to surface topography. The hydrometric data were used in combination with soil physical data, a one‐dimensional soil water model (V AMPS ) and a three‐component chemical mass‐balance mixing model to describe the stormflow response of the catchment. It is inferred that most stormflow travelled through macropores in the top 20 cm of the soil profile. During a large event, saturation overland flow also accounted for a considerable portion of the stormflow, although it was not possible to quantify the associated volume fully. Although the mass‐balance mixing model approach gave valuable information about the various flow paths within the catchment, it was not possible to distill the full picture from the model alone; additional hydrometric and soil physical evidence was needed to aid in the interpretation of the model results. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.