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Behaviour of chemical solutes during a storm in a rainforested headwater catchment
Author(s) -
Grimaldi Catherine,
Grimaldi Michel,
Millet Antoine,
Bariac Thierry,
Boulègue Jacques
Publication year - 2004
Publication title -
hydrological processes
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.222
H-Index - 161
eISSN - 1099-1085
pISSN - 0885-6087
DOI - 10.1002/hyp.1314
Subject(s) - surface runoff , hydrology (agriculture) , throughfall , groundwater , hydrograph , environmental science , subsurface flow , storm , erosion , drainage basin , streamflow , soil water , geology , soil science , ecology , geomorphology , oceanography , geotechnical engineering , cartography , biology , geography
The aim of this study is to identify, in a small catchment area located within a tropical forest, the pedological compartments in which the export of nutrients and chemical erosion of solutes occur during a stormflow event. The catchment area displays two types of lateral flow: (i) overland flow at the surface of the soil in the litter and root mat and (ii) groundwater flow in a macroporous subsurface horizon. We interpret the variations of stream‐water chemistry during a storm‐flow event using the separation of storm‐flow hydrograph data between overland and groundwater flow, and (Cl − ) as a chemical parameter characterizing the residence time of water in the soil. It appears that K + especially was released into the throughfall, whereas Ca ++ , Mg ++ and Na + were clearly released from the litter. K + disappeared rapidly from soil solution, whereas Ca ++ and Mg ++ were more progressively absorbed by the vegetation. The Ca ++ and Mg ++ contents in groundwater increased with increasing residence time owing to the transpiration of trees. The export of H 4 SiO 4 in the overland flow was moderate, i.e. 24% of total H 4 SiO 4 export in the stream flow, as overland flow represented 39% of total runoff. The subsurface horizon—where active groundwater flow occurs—was successively affected by chemical erosion during the storm‐flow peak, and then by neoformation of kaolinite favoured by increasing water residence time. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.