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Hysteresis‐based analysis of overland metal transport
Author(s) -
Mishra Surendra Kumar,
Sansalone J. J.,
Singh Vijay P.
Publication year - 2003
Publication title -
hydrological processes
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.222
H-Index - 161
eISSN - 1099-1085
pISSN - 0885-6087
DOI - 10.1002/hyp.1200
Subject(s) - surface runoff , kinematic wave , first flush , pollutant , mass transfer , metal , hydrology (agriculture) , environmental science , particulates , mechanics , geotechnical engineering , geology , chemistry , stormwater , materials science , physics , metallurgy , ecology , organic chemistry , biology
Introducing a concept of equivalent mass depth of flow, this study describes the phenomenon of non‐point source pollutant (metal) transport for pavement (or overland) flow in analogy with wave propagation in wide open channels. Hysteretic and normal mass rating curves are developed for runoff rate and mass of 12 dissolved and particulate‐bound metal elements (pollutants) using the rainfall‐runoff and water quality data of the 15 × 20 m 2 instrumented pavement in Cincinnati, USA. Normal mass rating curves developed for easy computation of pollutant load are found to be of a form similar to Manning's, which is valid for open channel flows. Based on the hysteresis analysis, wave types for dissolution and mixing of particulate‐bound metals are identified. The analysis finds that the second‐order partial‐differential equation normally used for metal transport does not have the efficacy to describe fully the strong non‐linear phenomena such as is described for various metal elements by dynamic waves. In addition, the proportionality concept of the popular SCS‐CN concept is extended for determining the potential maximum metal mass M p of all the 12 elements transported by a rain storm and related to the antecedent dry period (ADP). For the primary metal zinc element, M p is found to increase with the ADP and vice versa . Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.