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Comparative efficacy of zolpidem and temazepam in transient insomnia
Author(s) -
Erman Milton K.,
Erwin Charles W.,
Gengo Francis M.,
Jamieson Andrew O.,
Lemmi Helio,
Mahowald Mark W.,
Regestein Quentin R.,
Roth Thomas,
RothSchechter Barbara,
Scharf Martin B.,
Vogel Gerald W.,
Walsh James K.,
Ware J. Catesby
Publication year - 2001
Publication title -
human psychopharmacology: clinical and experimental
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.461
H-Index - 78
eISSN - 1099-1077
pISSN - 0885-6222
DOI - 10.1002/hup.238
Subject(s) - temazepam , zolpidem , insomnia , hypnotic , sleep onset , anesthesia , placebo , polysomnography , primary insomnia , sleep onset latency , psychology , medicine , morning , audiology , sleep disorder , psychiatry , benzodiazepine , receptor , alternative medicine , apnea , pathology
This study compared hypnotic effects of zolpidem 10 mg, temazepam 15 mg and placebo in healthy adults. Two factors expected to promote insomnia, the ‘first night effect’ and a 2‐hour phase advance, were combined in a single night laboratory‐based double‐blinded protocol. This was a multi‐center study, with data collected in 13 sleep laboratories. Subjects with normal sleep histories and without prior sleep laboratory experience were randomly assigned to treatment groups. Medications were administered 15 min before lights out, with polysomnographic monitoring for 7.5 h. Subjective questionnaires and performance tests, digit symbol substitution test (DSST) and symbol copying test (SCT), were administered at study entry and after arising. 630 subjects completed the study and provided data analyzed using repeated measures ANOVAs. Neither agent significantly reduced objective sleep latency relative to placebo. Zolpidem reduced awakenings and wake after sleep onset (WASO); temazepam did not. Both agents improved sleep efficiency and most subjective sleep measures relative to placebo, with zolpidem superior for five of six subjective outcome measures compared to temazepam. SCT, morning sleepiness and morning concentration were not altered by any treatment. Zolpidem significantly reduced morning DSST performance; temazepam did not. Zolpidem 10 mg provided greater subjective hypnotic efficacy than temazepam 15 mg in this model of transient insomnia, with reduced polysomnographic awakenings and WASO. Impairment of DSST was seen with zolpidem but not temazepam. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.