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Lessons learned from a comparison of evidence‐based research in pregnant opioid‐dependent women
Author(s) -
WinklbaurHausknost Bernadette,
Jagsch Reinhold,
GrafRohrmeister Klaudia,
Unger Annemarie,
Baewert Andjela,
Langer Martin,
Thau Kenneth,
Fischer Gabriele
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
human psychopharmacology: clinical and experimental
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.461
H-Index - 78
eISSN - 1099-1077
pISSN - 0885-6222
DOI - 10.1002/hup.2275
Subject(s) - methadone , buprenorphine , medicine , contingency management , opioid use disorder , randomized controlled trial , pregnancy , opioid , opiate substitution treatment , abstinence , attendance , clinical trial , anesthesia , psychiatry , receptor , biology , economic growth , economics , genetics , intervention (counseling)
Objectives Lessons learned in research and treatment of opioid dependence demonstrate the need to include pregnant women in clinical trials. Methods Two double‐blind, double‐dummy, randomized controlled trials (Pilot study, European sample † of MOTHER‐trial) comparing buprenorphine and methadone in opioid‐dependent pregnant women were conducted. In both studies, participants received voucher‐based incentives for attendance and completion of study assessments. In the MOTHER trial, participants additionally received escalating voucher incentives for drug‐free urine samples. Neonatal abstinence syndrome was treated with oral morphine solution based on standardized modified Finnegan scores. Results After a mean treatment period of 13.79 weeks in the Pilot study (PS, n = 18) and 20.78 weeks in the MOTHER‐trial (MT, n = 41), respectively ( p < 0.001), PS patients delivered at mean doses of 14.00 mg buprenorphine/52.50 mg methadone and MT participants at 13.44 mg buprenorphine/63.68 mg methadone. Nonsignificant differences regarding dropout rates were found (22% in PS versus 10% in MT), but dropout was significantly earlier in the MT ( p = 0.013). Significantly higher rates of concomitant consumption of opioids and benzodiazepines occurred in the PS compared with the MT ( p < 0.001), however, with no significant differences in neonatal data between both settings. Conclusions Early treatment enrolment combined with contingency management contributes to reduced illicit drug use throughout pregnancy, surprisingly without influencing neonatal outcome parameters. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.