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High Frequency of Pathogenic Rearrangements in SPG11 and Extensive Contribution of Mutational Hotspots and Founder Alleles
Author(s) -
Günther Sven,
ElertDobkowska Ewelina,
Soehn Anne S.,
Hinreiner Sophie,
Yoon Grace,
Heller Raoul,
Hellenbroich Yorck,
Hübner Christian A.,
Ray Peter N.,
Hehr Ute,
Bauer Peter,
Sulek Anna,
Beetz Christian
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
human mutation
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.981
H-Index - 162
eISSN - 1098-1004
pISSN - 1059-7794
DOI - 10.1002/humu.23000
Subject(s) - biology , genetics , allele , haplotype , hereditary spastic paraplegia , non allelic homologous recombination , alu element , founder effect , breakpoint , phenotype , gene , genome , human genome , recombination , chromosome , genetic recombination
Biallelic loss‐of‐function mutations in SPG11 cause a wide spectrum of recessively inherited, neurodegenerative disorders including hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease. By comprehensive screening of three large cohorts of HSP index patients, we identified 83 alleles with “small” mutations and 13 alleles that carry large genomic rearrangements. Including relevant data from previous studies, we estimate that copy number variants (CNVs) account for ∼19% of pathogenic SPG11 alleles. The breakpoints for all novel and some previously reported CNVs were determined by long‐range PCR and sequencing. This revealed several Alu‐associated recombination hotspots. We also found evidence for additional mutational mechanisms, including for a two‐step event in which an Alu retrotransposition preceded the actual rearrangement. Apparently independent samples with identical breakpoints were analyzed by microsatellite PCRs. The resulting haplotypes suggested the existence of two rearrangement founder alleles. Our findings widen the spectra of mutations and mutational mechanisms in SPG11 , underscore the pivotal role played by Alus, and are of high diagnostic relevance for a wide spectrum of clinical phenotypes including the most frequent form of recessive HSP.