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Alteration of DNA binding, dimerization, and nuclear translocation of SHOX homeodomain mutations identified in idiopathic short stature and Leri‐Weill dyschondrosteosis
Author(s) -
Schneider Katja U.,
Marchini Antonio,
Sabherwal Nitin,
Röth Ralph,
Niesler Beate,
Marttila Tiina,
Blaschke Rüdiger J.,
Lawson Margaret,
Dumic Miroslav,
Rappold Gudrun
Publication year - 2005
Publication title -
human mutation
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.981
H-Index - 162
eISSN - 1098-1004
pISSN - 1059-7794
DOI - 10.1002/humu.20187
Subject(s) - haploinsufficiency , homeobox , missense mutation , biology , genetics , short stature , phenotype , mutation , gene , idiopathic short stature , transcription factor , endocrinology , growth hormone , hormone
Haploinsufficiency of the short stature homeobox gene SHOX has been found in patients with idiopathic short stature (ISS) and Leri‐Weill dyschondrosteosis (LWD). In addition to complete gene deletions and nonsense mutations, several missense mutations have been identified in both patient groups, leading to amino acid substitutions in the SHOX protein. The majority of missense mutations were found to accumulate in the region encoding the highly conserved homeodomain of the paired‐like type. In this report, we investigated nine different amino acid exchanges in the homeodomain of SHOX patients with ISS and LWD. We were able show that these mutations cause an alteration of the biological function of SHOX by loss of DNA binding, reduced dimerization ability, and/or impaired nuclear translocation. Additionally, one of the mutations (c.458G>T, p.R153L) is defective in transcriptional activation even though it is still able to bind to DNA, dimerize, and translocate to the nucleus. Thus, we demonstrate that single missense mutations in the homeodomain fundamentally impair SHOX key functions, thereby leading to the phenotype observed in patients with LWD and ISS. Hum Mutat 26(1), 44–52, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.