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A numerical comparison among different water‐based hybrid nanofluids on their influences on natural convection heat transfer in a triangular solar collector for different tilt angles
Author(s) -
Prince Hasib A.,
Rozin Enamul H.,
Chowdhury Emdadul H.,
Redwan Didarul A.,
Mamun Mohammad A. H.
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
heat transfer
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 2688-4542
pISSN - 2688-4534
DOI - 10.1002/htj.22074
Subject(s) - nanofluid , nusselt number , natural convection , materials science , rayleigh number , heat transfer , thermodynamics , mechanics , streamlines, streaklines, and pathlines , reynolds number , physics , turbulence
Natural convection inside a triangular solar collector is investigated numerically for different nanofluids and hybrid nanofluids in this study. The individual effects of Al 2 O 3 –water, carbon nanotubes (CNT)–water, and Cu–water nanofluids are observed for different solid volume fractions of nanoparticles (0%–10%). Three types of hybrid nanofluids are prepared using different ratios of Al 2 O 3 , CNT, and Cu nanoparticles in water. A comparison is made varying the Rayleigh numbers within laminar range (10 3 –10 6 ) for different tilt angles (0°, 30°, 60°, and 90°) of the solar collector. The inclined surface of the triangular solar collector is isothermally cold and the bottom wall (absorber plate) is isothermally hot, whereas the vertical wall with respect to the absorber plate is considered adiabatic. Average Nusselt numbers along the hot wall for different parameters are observed. Streamlines and isotherm contours are also plotted for different cases. Dimensionless governing Navier–Stokes and thermal energy conservation equations are solved by Galerkin weighted residual finite element method. Better convective heat transfer is found for higher Rayleigh number, solid volume fraction, and tilt angle. In the case of hybrid nanofluid, increasing the percentage of the nanoparticle that gives better heat transfer performance individually results in enhancing natural convection heat transfer inside the enclosure.