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Human cytomegalovirus load measurement and its applications for pre‐emptive therapy in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Author(s) -
Baldanti Fausto,
Lilleri Daniele,
Gerna Giuseppe
Publication year - 2008
Publication title -
hematological oncology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.918
H-Index - 44
eISSN - 1099-1069
pISSN - 0278-0232
DOI - 10.1002/hon.856
Subject(s) - foscarnet , cidofovir , human cytomegalovirus , hematopoietic stem cell transplantation , medicine , ganciclovir , immunology , transplantation , cytomegalovirus , disease , viral load , alemtuzumab , graft versus host disease , immune system , stem cell , virology , viral disease , virus , herpesviridae , biology , genetics
The hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) setting is a rapidly evolving field, and procedures with a high degree of complexity are now entering into the clinic. The risk of developing opportunistic viral infections increases with the level of human leukocyte antigen disparity between the donor and the recipient of allogeneic HSCT and is enhanced by graft manipulations such as T‐cell depletion or immune suppression required to control graft versus host disease (GVHD) or rejection. Among the opportunistic viral infections potentially hampering the outcome of HSCT, human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection plays a major role. In the early 1980s, before the introduction of effective antiviral treatment, HCMV disease accounted for the high mortality in recipients of allogeneic HSCT. In more recent years, the availability of HCMV‐specific antiviral agents (ganciclovir, GCV, foscarnet, PFA and cidofovir, CDV) led to a dramatic decrease in HCMV‐related morbidity and mortality. However, HCMV infection still remains a major concern in the HSCT setting. Historically, treatment of HCMV infection in HSCT recipients (HSCTR) evolved from treatment of overt HCMV disease to universal prophylaxis or pre‐emptive treatment of active infection, in parallel with the improvement of techniques for diagnosing and monitoring HCMV infection in transplant recipients. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.