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Donor/Acceptor Effects on the Linear and Nonlinear Optical Properties of Geminal Diethynylethenes (g‐DEEs)
Author(s) -
Zhao Yuming,
Zhou Ningzhang,
Slepkov Aaron D.,
Ciulei Sorin C.,
McDonald Robert,
Hegmann Frank A.,
Tykwinski Rik R.
Publication year - 2007
Publication title -
helvetica chimica acta
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.74
H-Index - 82
eISSN - 1522-2675
pISSN - 0018-019X
DOI - 10.1002/hlca.200790092
Subject(s) - chemistry , geminal , intramolecular force , natural bond orbital , crystallography , electron donor , acceptor , electron acceptor , delocalized electron , photochemistry , density functional theory , enediyne , hyperpolarizability , single crystal , computational chemistry , stereochemistry , molecule , organic chemistry , catalysis , physics , polarizability , condensed matter physics
A series of geminal diethynylethenes (g‐DEEs) with electron‐donating and/or electron‐accepting (D/A) groups were synthesized via a Pd‐catalyzed cross‐coupling sequence. The UV/VIS spectra for donor–acceptor (D–A) functionalized g‐DEEs 5, 8 , and 11 show distinctive absorption trends attributable to intramolecular charge‐transfer (ICT). The bond‐length‐alternation (BLA) index for the cross‐conjugated enediyne framework varies slightly with different terminal substituents as determined by density‐functional theory (DFT) calculations and single‐crystal X‐ray analysis. Ultrafast third‐order optical nonlinearities for the g‐DEEs were measured by the differential optical Kerr effect (DOKE) technique and show that terminal donor–acceptor substitution of g‐DEEs enhances molecular second hyperpolarizabilities ( γ ) in comparison to donor or acceptor g‐DEEs. A small increase in the two‐photon‐absorption cross‐section ( σ (2) ) is observed in the series 9 – 11 as a result of increased functionalization. The effects of donor/acceptor substitution on electron delocalization along the cross‐conjugated enediyne structure are evaluated on the basis of natural‐bond‐orbital (NBO) analysis. Solid‐state structures of the four derivatives 3b, 4b, 7 and 8 were characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray structural analysis and show an asymmetric unit cell for one derivative, D–A g‐DEE 8 .