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Pulse EPR Methods for Studying Chemical and Biological Samples Containing Transition Metals
Author(s) -
Calle Carlos,
Sreekanth Anandaram,
Fedin Matvey V.,
Forrer Jörg,
GarciaRubio Inés,
Gromov Igor A.,
Hinderberger Dariush,
Kasumaj Besnik,
Léger Patrick,
Mancosu Bruno,
Mitrikas George,
Santangelo Maria Grazia,
Stoll Stefan,
Schweiger Arthur,
Tschaggelar René,
Harmer Jeffrey
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
helvetica chimica acta
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.74
H-Index - 82
eISSN - 1522-2675
pISSN - 0018-019X
DOI - 10.1002/hlca.200690229
Subject(s) - electron paramagnetic resonance , chemistry , nitroxide mediated radical polymerization , pulsed epr , envelope (radar) , transition metal , electron , pulse (music) , spectral line , site directed spin labeling , porphyrin , chemical physics , nuclear magnetic resonance , analytical chemistry (journal) , spin echo , photochemistry , magnetic resonance imaging , organic chemistry , optics , catalysis , medicine , radar , physics , astronomy , copolymer , detector , computer science , polymer , telecommunications , radical polymerization , quantum mechanics , radiology
This review discusses the application of pulse EPR to the characterization of disordered systems, with an emphasis on samples containing transition metals. Electron nuclear double‐resonance (ENDOR), electron‐spin‐echo envelope‐modulation (ESEEM), and double electron–electron resonance (DEER) methodologies are outlined. The theory of field modulation is outlined, and its application is illustrated with DEER experiments. The simulation of powder spectra in EPR is discussed, and strategies for optimization are given. The implementation of this armory of techniques is demonstrated on a rich variety of chemical systems: several porphyrin derivatives that are found in proteins and used as model systems, otherwise highly reactive aminyl radicals stabilized with electron‐rich transition metals, and nitroxide–copper–nitroxide clusters. These examples show that multi‐frequency continuous‐wave (CW) and pulse EPR provides detailed information about disordered systems.