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The Binary System Tetradecanedioic Acid–Hexadecanedioic Acid: Polymorphism of the Components and Experimental Phase Diagram
Author(s) -
Ventolà Lourdes,
Metivaud Valerie,
Bayés Laura,
Benages Raül,
CuevasDiarte Miquel Ángel,
Calvet Teresa,
Mondieig Denise
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
helvetica chimica acta
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.74
H-Index - 82
eISSN - 1522-2675
pISSN - 0018-019X
DOI - 10.1002/hlca.200690193
Subject(s) - chemistry , eutectic system , differential scanning calorimetry , phase diagram , polymorphism (computer science) , monoclinic crystal system , melting point , isostructural , solid solution , crystallography , miscibility , powder diffraction , scanning electron microscope , binary system , analytical chemistry (journal) , thermodynamics , phase (matter) , crystal structure , binary number , organic chemistry , materials science , microstructure , polymer , biochemistry , physics , arithmetic , mathematics , gene , genotype , composite material
Complementary techniques had to be applied to investigate the binary system tetradecanedioic acid (C 14 H 26 O 4 )–hexadecanedioic acid (C 16 H 30 O 4 ), because all the forms observed have the same space group ( P 2 1 / c; Z = 2). We studied the polymorphism of the two single compounds and of their mixtures by X‐ray powder diffraction, differential‐scanning calorimetry (DSC), infrared spectroscopy (IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermo‐optical microscopy (TOM). The two diacids were found to be isopolymorphic. At low temperature, they crystallize in the same ordered C ‐form, and, on heating, adopt the ordered C h ‐form, 1° below their melting point. In contrast to similar compounds (unbranched alkanes, alkanols, and fatty acids), the solid–solid and solid–liquid phase‐transition temperatures decrease with increasing chain length. At low temperature, a new monoclinic form, C i , appears as a result of the disorder of composition in the mixed samples. There are two [ C + C i ]‐type solid–solid domains. On heating, the solid domains are related to solid–liquid domains by a peritectic invariant for compositions rich in C 14 H 26 O 4 , and by a eutectic invariant for compositions rich in C 16 H 30 O 4 . At higher temperature, there appears a second peritectic invariant for compositions rich in C 14 H 26 O 4 , together with a metatectic invariant for compositions rich in C 16 H 30 O 4 . All the solid forms observed in this binary system are isostructural. Nevertheless, the equilibrium between them is complex near the melting point, and their miscibility in the solid state is reduced.