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Triaziridines. Part III . Triaziridine, azimine, and triazene: A SCF study of the energy and structure of N 3 H 3 ‐isomers
Author(s) -
Nguyen MinhTho,
Kaneti Jose,
Hoesch Lienhard,
Dreiding André S.
Publication year - 1984
Publication title -
helvetica chimica acta
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.74
H-Index - 82
eISSN - 1522-2675
pISSN - 0018-019X
DOI - 10.1002/hlca.19840670730
Subject(s) - chemistry , crystallography , delocalized electron , ground state , cyclopropane , singlet state , ab initio , potential energy surface , bond length , computational chemistry , stereochemistry , atomic physics , ring (chemistry) , crystal structure , physics , excited state , organic chemistry
Abstract The portions of the N 3 H 3 singlet potential energy surface corresponding to triaziridines ( 1 ), azimines ( 2 ) and triazenes ( 3 ) have been calculated by ab initio SCF using 3‐21G, 6‐31G, and 6‐31G** basis sets. Minima and transition states were located by force gradient geometry optimization. The most important computation results are: (1) Triaziridines ( 1 ): The configuration at the 3 N‐atoms is pyramidal. There are 2 stereoisomers, 1a and 1b . The c , t ‐isomer 1a has less energy than the c , c ‐isomer 1b . The 2 stereoisomerizations by N‐inversion hve rather high activation energies. The N,N bonds in 1 are longer and weaker (STO‐3G estimation) than in hydrazine. The N‐homocycle 1 exhibits less ring strain than the C‐homocycle cyclopropane or three‐membered heterocycles. (2) Azimine ( 2 ): All 6 Atoms are in the same plane. There are 3 stereoisomers, 2a, 2b , and 2c . The order of ground state energies is ( Z , Z ) < ( E , Z ) ≫ ( E , E ). The 2 N,N bond lengths correspond to multiplicity 1½. The electronic structure of 2 corresponds to a 1,3‐dipole with almost equal delocalization of the 4 π‐electrons over all 3 N‐atoms. The negative net charge at the central N‐atom is much less than that at the terminal N‐atoms. Azimines should behave as π‐donors in complexation with transition metals (3) Triazene ( 3 ): All 6 atoms are in the same plane. There are 2 stereoisomers, 3a and 3b . The order of ground‐state energies is ( E ) < ( Z ). The stereoisomerization proceeds as pure N‐inversion. N‐Inversion has a high energy barrier inversion at N(1) is faster than at N(2). One of the N,N bond lengths is typical for a double, the other for a single bond. The electronic structure of triazene 3 entails rather localized π‐ and p‐electron pairs at N(1),N(2) and at N(3). Triazenes should behave as p‐donors in complexation with transition metals. (4) ‐ N 3 H 3 ‐Isomers : The order of ground‐state energies is 3 < 2 < 1 . The energy differences between these constitutional isomers are much larger than between the stereoisomers of each. The [1,2]‐H shifts for conversions of 2 to 3 and the [1,3]‐H shift for tautomerization of 3 have relatively high activation energies; both shifts can be excluded as modes of thermal, unimolecular transformations.