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Pulmonary Abnormalities in Liver Disease: Relevance to Transplantation and Outcome
Author(s) -
Raevens Sarah,
Boret Maxine,
De Pauw Michel,
Fallon Michael B.,
Van Vlierberghe Hans
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
hepatology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 5.488
H-Index - 361
eISSN - 1527-3350
pISSN - 0270-9139
DOI - 10.1002/hep.31770
Subject(s) - hepatopulmonary syndrome , medicine , portopulmonary hypertension , liver transplantation , pulmonary function testing , liver disease , cirrhosis , pulmonary hypertension , gastroenterology , portal hypertension , idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis , primary sclerosing cholangitis , pulmonary fibrosis , transplantation , lung , disease
Pulmonary disease in liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension (PH) constitutes a challenging clinical scenario and may have important implications with regard to prognosis, liver transplantation (LT) candidacy, and post‐LT outcome. Pre‐LT evaluation should include adequate screening for pulmonary diseases that may occur concomitantly with liver disease as well as for those that may arise as a complication of end‐stage liver disease and PH, given that either may jeopardize safe LT and successful outcome. It is key to discriminate those patients who would benefit from LT, especially pulmonary disorders that have been reported to resolve post‐LT and are considered “pulmonary indications” for transplant, from those who are at increased mortality risk and in whom LT is contraindicated. In conclusion, in this article, we review the impact of several pulmonary disorders, including cystic fibrosis, alpha 1‐antitrypsin deficiency, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, sarcoidosis, coronavirus disease 2019, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary nodules, interstitial lung disease, hepatic hydrothorax, hepatopulmonary syndrome, and portopulmonary hypertension, on post‐LT survival, as well as the reciprocal impact of LT on the evolution of lung function.