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Hepatic stellate cell–derived platelet‐derived growth factor receptor‐alpha‐enriched extracellular vesicles promote liver fibrosis in mice through SHP2
Author(s) -
Kostallari Enis,
Hirsova Petra,
Prasnicka Alena,
Verma Vikas K.,
Yaqoob Usman,
Wongjarupong Nicha,
Roberts Lewis R.,
Shah Vijay H.
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
hepatology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 5.488
H-Index - 361
eISSN - 1527-3350
pISSN - 0270-9139
DOI - 10.1002/hep.29803
Subject(s) - hepatic stellate cell , platelet derived growth factor receptor , proto oncogene tyrosine protein kinase src , growth factor , cancer research , fibrosis , platelet derived growth factor , protein tyrosine phosphatase , microbiology and biotechnology , biology , growth factor receptor , tyrosine kinase , receptor , chemistry , signal transduction , endocrinology , biochemistry , medicine
Liver fibrosis is characterized by the activation and migration of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), followed by matrix deposition. Recently, several studies have shown the importance of extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from liver cells, such as hepatocytes and endothelial cells, in liver pathobiology. While most of the studies describe how liver cells modulate HSC behavior, an important gap exists in the understanding of HSC‐derived signals and more specifically HSC‐derived EVs in liver fibrosis. Here, we investigated the molecules released through HSC‐derived EVs, the mechanism of their release, and the role of these EVs in fibrosis. Mass spectrometric analysis showed that platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor‐alpha (PDGFRα) was enriched in EVs derived from PDGF‐BB‐treated HSCs. Moreover, patients with liver fibrosis had increased PDGFRα levels in serum EVs compared to healthy individuals. Mechanistically, in vitro tyrosine720‐to‐phenylalanine mutation on the PDGFRα sequence abolished enrichment of PDGFRα in EVs and redirected the receptor toward degradation. Congruently, the inhibition of Src homology 2 domain tyrosine phosphatase 2, the regulatory binding partner of phosphorylated tyrosine720, also inhibited PDGFRα enrichment in EVs. EVs derived from PDGFRα‐overexpressing cells promoted in vitro HSC migration and in vivo liver fibrosis. Finally, administration of Src homology 2 domain tyrosine phosphatase 2inhibitor, SHP099, to carbon tetrachloride–administered mice inhibited PDGFRα enrichment in serum EVs and reduced liver fibrosis. Conclusion : PDGFRα is enriched in EVs derived from PDGF‐BB‐treated HSCs in an Src homology 2 domain tyrosine phosphatase 2–dependent manner and these PDGFRα‐enriched EVs participate in development of liver fibrosis. (H epatology 2018;68:333‐348).