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The plastic cellular states of liver cells: Are EpCAM and Lgr5 fit for purpose?
Author(s) -
Huch Meritxell,
Dollé Laurent
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
hepatology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 5.488
H-Index - 361
eISSN - 1527-3350
pISSN - 0270-9139
DOI - 10.1002/hep.28469
Subject(s) - stem cell , biology , lgr5 , microbiology and biotechnology , cellular differentiation , adult stem cell , transplantation , homeostasis , cell type , stem cell marker , phenotype , cell , immunology , cancer stem cell , genetics , medicine , gene
Adult liver cells have been considered restricted regarding their fate and lineage potential. That is, hepatocytes have been thought able only to generate hepatocytes and duct cells, only duct cells. While this may be the case for the majority of scenarios in a state of quiescence or homeostasis, evidence suggests that liver cells are capable of interconverting between cellular states of distinct phenotypic traits. This interconversion or plasticity had been suggested by classical studies using cellular markers, but recently lineage tracing approaches have proven that cells are highly plastic and retain an extraordinary ability to respond differently to normal tissue homeostasis, to tissue repair, or when challenged to expand ex vivo or to differentiate upon transplantation. Stemness, as “self‐renewal and multipotency,” seems not to be limited to a particular cell type but rather to a cellular state in which cells exhibit a high degree of plasticity and can move back and forth in different phenotypic states. For instance, upon damage cells can dedifferentiate to acquire stem cell potential that allows them to self‐renew, repopulate a damaged tissue, and then undergo differentiation. In this review, we will discuss the evidence on cellular plasticity in the liver, focusing our attention on two markers, epithelial cell adhesion molecule and leucine‐rich repeat‐containing G protein‐coupled receptor 5, which identify cells with stem cell potential. (H epatology 2016;64:652‐662)