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Microbiota‐liver axis in hepatic disease
Author(s) -
Chassaing Benoit,
EtienneMesmin Lucie,
Gewirtz Andrew T.
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
hepatology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 5.488
H-Index - 361
eISSN - 1527-3350
pISSN - 0270-9139
DOI - 10.1002/hep.26494
Subject(s) - hepatology , proinflammatory cytokine , gut flora , disease , immunology , liver disease , innate immune system , inflammation , chronic liver disease , immune system , inflammatory bowel disease , medicine , biology , cirrhosis
Accumulating evidence indicates that the gut microbiota, long appreciated to be a key determinant of intestinal inflammation, is also playing a key role in chronic inflammatory disease of the liver. Such studies have yielded a general central hypothesis whereby microbiota products activate the innate immune system to drive proinflammatory gene expression, thus promoting chronic inflammatory disease of the liver. This article reviews the background supporting this hypothesis, outlines how it can potentially explain classic and newly emerging epidemiological chronic inflammatory liver disease, and discusses potential therapeutic means to manipulate the microbiota so as to prevent and/or treat liver disease. (H epatology 2014;58:328–339)