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Effect of type 2 diabetes on risk for malignancies includes hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis C
Author(s) -
Arase Yasuji,
Kobayashi Mariko,
Suzuki Fumitaka,
Suzuki Yoshiyuki,
Kawamura Yusuke,
Akuta Norio,
Kobayashi Masahiro,
Sezaki Hitomi,
Saito Satoshi,
Hosaka Tetsuya,
Ikeda Kenji,
Kumada Hiromitsu,
Kobayashi Tetsuro
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
hepatology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 5.488
H-Index - 361
eISSN - 1527-3350
pISSN - 0270-9139
DOI - 10.1002/hep.26087
Subject(s) - medicine , hepatocellular carcinoma , hazard ratio , cumulative incidence , gastroenterology , proportional hazards model , cohort , incidence (geometry) , retrospective cohort study , hepatitis c virus , type 2 diabetes , hepatitis c , malignancy , confidence interval , diabetes mellitus , oncology , immunology , virus , endocrinology , optics , physics
The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to assess the cumulative development incidence and predictive factors for malignancies after the termination of interferon (IFN) therapy in Japanese patients for hepatitis C virus (HCV). A total of 4,302 HCV‐positive patients treated with IFN were enrolled. The mean observation period was 8.1 years. The primary outcome was the first onset of malignancies. Evaluation was performed using the Kaplan‐Meier method and Cox proportional hazard analysis. A total of 606 patients developed malignancies: 393 developed hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and 213 developed malignancies other than HCC. The cumulative development rate of HCC was 4.3% at 5 years, 10.5% at 10 years, and 19.7% at 15 years. HCC occurred significantly ( P < 0.05) when the following characteristics were present: advanced histological staging, sustained virological response not achieved, male sex, advanced age of ≥50 years, total alcohol intake of ≥200 kg, and presence of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). T2DM caused a 1.73‐fold enhancement in HCC development. In patients with T2DM, HCC decreased when patients had a mean hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level of <7.0% during follow‐up (hazard ratio, 0.56; 95% confidence interval, 0.33‐0.89; P = 0.015). The cumulative development rate of malignancy other than HCC was 2.4% at 5 years, 5.1% at 10 years, and 9.8% at 15 years. Malignancies other than HCC occurred significantly when patients were of advanced age of ≤50 years, smoking index (package per day × year) was ≥ 20, and T2DM was present. T2DM caused a 1.70‐fold enhancement in the development of malignancies other than HCC. Conclusion: T2DM causes an approximately 1.7‐fold enhancement in the development of HCC and malignancies other than HCC in HCV‐positive patients treated with IFN. In T2DM patients, maintaining a mean HbA1c level of <7.0% reduces the development of HCC. (H EPATOLOGY 2013)