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Apoptotic cells attenuate fulminant hepatitis by priming Kupffer cells to produce interleukin‐10 through membrane‐bound TGF‐β
Author(s) -
Zhang Minggang,
Xu Sheng,
Han Yanmei,
Cao Xuetao
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
hepatology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 5.488
H-Index - 361
eISSN - 1527-3350
pISSN - 0270-9139
DOI - 10.1002/hep.24029
Subject(s) - cytokine , proinflammatory cytokine , immunology , biology , kupffer cell , tumor necrosis factor alpha , priming (agriculture) , microbiology and biotechnology , inflammation , botany , germination
The liver, a unique tolerogenic organ, is regarded as the site to trap and destroy aging erythrocytes and activated T cells. However, to date, the mechanisms for why the liver is tolerogenic and whether liver Kupffer cells (KC) are critical phagocytes for apoptotic cells (AC) contributing to the liver immunosuppression remain unclear. Here we report that KC is the main phagocyte for AC in the liver. Contact of AC inhibits proinflammatory cytokine but enhances anti‐inflammatory cytokine production of KC in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Membrane‐bound transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β on AC is responsible for the increased production of interleukin (IL)‐10 in KC through extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) activation via the Smad3 pathway. Importantly, KC‐derived IL‐10 is critical for AC infusion‐mediated protection of endotoxin‐induced fulminant hepatitis through suppression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α and nitric oxide (NO) production from KC and consequently attenuation of KC‐mediated cytolysis of hepatocytes. Conclusion: AC can be preferentially phagocytosed by KC in the liver, leading to attenuation of fulminant hepatitis through IL‐10‐mediated suppression of KC‐derived inflammatory TNF‐α and NO production. These findings demonstrate that priming of KC by AC may contribute to maintain liver immunosuppression, providing a new mechanistic explanation for how immune homeostasis is maintained in the liver. (H EPATOLOGY 2011.)