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Down‐regulation of tyrosine aminotransferase at a frequently deleted region 16q22 contributes to the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma
Author(s) -
Fu Li,
Dong SuiSui,
Xie YiWu,
Tai LaiShan,
Chen Leilei,
Kong Kar Lok,
Man Kwan,
Xie Dan,
Li Yan,
Cheng Yingduan,
Tao Qian,
Guan XinYuan
Publication year - 2010
Publication title -
hepatology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 5.488
H-Index - 361
eISSN - 1527-3350
pISSN - 0270-9139
DOI - 10.1002/hep.23540
Subject(s) - hepatocellular carcinoma , hccs , cancer research , biology , tumor suppressor gene , pathogenesis , allele , gene , loss of heterozygosity , microbiology and biotechnology , carcinogenesis , genetics , immunology
Loss of 16q is one of the most frequent alterations in many malignancies including hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC), suggesting the existence of a tumor suppressor gene (TSG) within the frequently deleted region. In this report we describe the identification and characterization of one candidate TSG, tyrosine aminotransferase gene ( TAT ), at 16q22.1. Loss of one TAT allele was detected in 27/50 (54%) of primary HCCs by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. In addition, homo‐deletion of TAT alleles was detected in two cases. Down‐regulation of TAT was detected in 28/50 (56%) of HCCs, which was significantly associated with the loss of TAT allele and hypermethylation of TAT 5′ CpG island (CGI) region ( P < 0.001). Functional studies found that TAT has a strong tumor suppressive ability. Introduction of the TAT gene into HCC cell lines could effectively inhibit colony formation in soft agar, foci formation, and tumor formation in nude mice. Further study found that the tumor suppressive mechanism of TAT was associated with its proapoptotic role in a mitochondrial‐dependent manner by promoting cytochrome‐ c release and activating caspase‐9 and PARP. Conclusion : Taken together, our findings suggest that TAT plays an important suppressive role in the development and progression of HCC. H EPATOLOGY 2010