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Variability in ethanol biodisposition in whites is modulated by polymorphisms in the ADH1B and ADH1C genes
Author(s) -
Martínez Carmen,
Galván Segismundo,
GarciaMartin Elena,
Ramos María I.,
GutiérrezMartín Yolanda,
Agúndez José A.G.
Publication year - 2010
Publication title -
hepatology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 5.488
H-Index - 361
eISSN - 1527-3350
pISSN - 0270-9139
DOI - 10.1002/hep.23341
Subject(s) - adh1b , nonsynonymous substitution , single nucleotide polymorphism , alcohol , pharmacokinetics , cmax , ethanol , genetics , medicine , ethanol metabolism , genotype , biology , gene , biochemistry , enzyme , branched chain alpha keto acid dehydrogenase complex , genome , dehydrogenase
Association between genetic variations in alcohol‐related enzymes and impaired ethanol biodisposition has not been unambiguously proven, and the effect of many newly described polymorphisms remains to be explored. The aims of this study are to elucidate the influence of genetic factors in alcohol biodisposition and effects. We analyzed alcohol pharmacokinetics and biodisposition after the administration of 0.5 g/kg ethanol; we measured ethanol effects on reaction time and motor time in response to visual and acoustic signals, and we analyzed 13 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) in the genes coding for ADH1B , ADH1C , ALDH2, and CYP2E1 in 250 healthy white individuals. Variability in ethanol pharmacokinetics and biodisposition is related to sex, with women showing a higher area under the curve (AUC) ( P = 0.002), maximum concentration (Cmax) ( P < 0.001) and metabolic rate ( P = 0.001). Four nonsynonymous SNPs are related to decreased alcohol metabolic rates: ADH1B rs6413413 ( P = 0.012), ADH1C rs283413 ( P < 0.001), rs1693482 ( P < 0.001), and rs698 ( P < 0.001). Individuals carrying diplotypes combining these mutations display statistically significant decrease in alcohol biodisposition as compared with individuals lacking these mutations. Alcohol effects displayed bimodal distribution independently of sex or pharmacokinetics. Most individuals had significant delays in reaction and motor times at alcohol blood concentrations under 500 mg/L, which are the driving limits for most countries. Conclusion: Besides the identification of new genetic factors related to alcohol biodisposition relevant to whites, this study provides unambiguous identification of diplotypes related to variability in alcohol biodisposition. (H EPATOLOGY 2010;51:491–500.)