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Down‐regulation of connective tissue growth factor by inhibition of transforming growth factor β blocks the tumor–stroma cross‐talk and tumor progression in hepatocellular carcinoma
Author(s) -
Mazzocca Antonio,
Fransvea Emilia,
Dituri Francesco,
Lupo Luigi,
Antonaci Salvatore,
Giannelli Gianluigi
Publication year - 2010
Publication title -
hepatology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 5.488
H-Index - 361
eISSN - 1527-3350
pISSN - 0270-9139
DOI - 10.1002/hep.23285
Subject(s) - hepatocellular carcinoma , stroma , transforming growth factor , connective tissue , growth factor , cancer research , tumor progression , pathology , carcinoma , medicine , biology , cancer , immunohistochemistry , receptor
Abstract Tumor–stroma interactions in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are of key importance to tumor progression. In this study, we show that HCC invasive cells produce high levels of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and generate tumors with a high stromal component in a xenograft model. A transforming growth factor β (TGF‐β) receptor inhibitor, LY2109761, inhibited the synthesis and release of CTGF, as well as reducing the stromal component of the tumors. In addition, the TGF‐β–dependent down‐regulation of CTGF diminished tumor growth, intravasation, and metastatic dissemination of HCC cells by inhibiting cancer‐associated fibroblast proliferation. By contrast, noninvasive HCC cells were found to produce low levels of CTGF. Upon TGF‐β1 stimulation, noninvasive HCC cells form tumors with a high stromal content and CTGF expression, which is inhibited by treatment with LY2109761. In addition, the acquired intravasation and metastatic spread of noninvasive HCC cells after TGF‐β1 stimulation was blocked by LY2109761. LY2109761 interrupts the cross‐talk between cancer cells and cancer‐associated fibroblasts, leading to a significant reduction of HCC growth and dissemination. Interestingly, patients with high CTGF expression had poor prognosis, suggesting that treatment aimed at reducing TGF‐β–dependent CTGF expression may offer clinical benefits. Conclusion: Taken together, our preclinical results indicate that LY2109761 targets the cross‐talk between HCC and the stroma and provide a rationale for future clinical trials. (H EPATOLOGY 2009.)