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Hepatitis C vaccines: Inducing and challenging memory T cells
Author(s) -
Shiina Masaaki,
Rehermann Barbara
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
hepatology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 5.488
H-Index - 361
eISSN - 1527-3350
pISSN - 0270-9139
DOI - 10.1002/hep.21210
Subject(s) - hepatitis c virus , virology , immunology , viremia , immune system , population , cd8 , biology , virus , immunity , immunotherapy , hepatitis c , vaccination , epitope , medicine , antibody , environmental health
Three percent of the world's population is chronically infected with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) and at risk of developing liver cancer. Effective cellular immune responses are deemed essential for spontaneous resolution of acute hepatitis C and long‐term protection. Here we describe a new T‐cell HCV genetic vaccine capable of protecting chimpanzees from acute hepatitis induced by challenge with heterologous virus. Suppression of acute viremia in vaccinated chimpanzees occurred as a result of massive expansion of peripheral and intrahepatic HCV‐specific CD8+ T lymphocytes that cross‐reacted with vaccine and virus epitopes. These findings show that it is possible to elicit effective immunity against heterologous HCV strains by stimulating only the cellular arm of the immune system, and suggest a path for new immunotherapy against highly variable human pathogens like HCV, HIV or malaria, which can evade humoral responses.