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Prognostic significance of expression of cyclooxygenase‐2, vascular endothelial growth factor, and epidermal growth factor receptor in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Author(s) -
Pan Jianji,
Tang Tianlan,
Xu Luying,
Lu Jiade J.,
Lin Senan,
Qiu Sufang,
Chen Gang,
K. Tham Ivan W.
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
head and neck
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.012
H-Index - 127
eISSN - 1097-0347
pISSN - 1043-3074
DOI - 10.1002/hed.23116
Subject(s) - medicine , nasopharyngeal carcinoma , vascular endothelial growth factor , immunohistochemistry , epidermal growth factor receptor , oncology , proportional hazards model , stage (stratigraphy) , univariate analysis , t stage , cyclooxygenase , radiation therapy , pathology , multivariate analysis , cancer , vegf receptors , biology , paleontology , biochemistry , enzyme
Abstract Background The association between expression of cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and the long‐term outcomes in treated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) was studied. Methods Expression of COX‐2, VEGF, and EGFR by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was assessed in 128 patients with NPC. Overall survival (OS), disease‐free survival (DFS), locoregional control, and distant metastasis‐free survival rates were compared for different expression levels of each marker. Multivariate analysis was by the Cox regression model. Results Median follow‐up after radiation therapy ± chemotherapy was 116 months. Univariate and multivariate analyses demonstrated that COX‐2, VEGF, EGFR, and clinical stage were all independent predictors for OS, DFS, locoregional control, and distant metastasis–free survival rates. Conclusions High expression of COX‐2, VEGF, and EGFR were independent adverse prognostic factors for long‐term outcomes in nonmetastatic NPC independent of clinical stage. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2013