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Elevated levels of 1‐hydroxypyrene and N′‐nitrosonornicotine in smokers with head and neck cancer: A matched control study
Author(s) -
Khariwala Samir S.,
Carmella Steven G.,
Stepanov Irina,
Fernandes Patricia,
Lassig Amy Anne,
Yueh Bevan,
Hatsukami Dorothy,
Hecht Stephen S.
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
head and neck
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.012
H-Index - 127
eISSN - 1097-0347
pISSN - 1043-3074
DOI - 10.1002/hed.23085
Subject(s) - carcinogen , creatinine , head and neck squamous cell carcinoma , metabolite , medicine , cancer , tobacco smoke , oncology , cohort , physiology , endocrinology , head and neck cancer , chemistry , biochemistry , environmental health
Background Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is associated with tobacco use. Still, most smokers do not develop HNSCC. The mechanisms of varying susceptibility to HNSCC are poorly studied to date. Tobacco metabolite research provides insight regarding the innate metabolism and excretion of carcinogens. Methods Smokers with HNSCC (cases) were compared with smokers without HNSCC (controls) in a matched cohort. The tobacco metabolites studied were: 1‐hydroxypyrene (1‐HOP), N′ ‐nitrosonornicotine (NNN), and 4‐(methylnitrosamino)‐1‐(3‐pyridyl)‐1‐butanol (NNAL). Results In 33 subjects, mean 1‐HOP was 1.82 pmol/mg creatinine versus 1.08 pmol/mg creatinine ( p = .004) and mean NNN was 0.10 pmol/mg creatinine versus 0.04 pmol/mg creatinine ( p = .01) in cases and controls, respectively. NNAL did not differ between groups. Conclusions Smokers with HNSCC have elevated urinary levels of 1‐HOP and total NNN compared with matched controls, suggesting an increased effective exposure to these carcinogens. Tobacco constituent metabolites may be useful in understanding tobacco‐related carcinogenesis in HNSCC. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2013