Elective neck dissection for the management of the N0 neck in early cancer of the oral tongue: Need for a randomized controlled trial

Background The aim of this study is to determine the need for a randomized controlled trial in order to define the role of an elective neck dissection (END) in the treatment of early tongue cancers. Methods We present a large retrospective analysis of patients with T1‐2 N0 squamous cell cancers of the oral anterior tongue treated at a single institution. A total of 359 eligible patients with early tongue cancers were divided into 2 groups: END and wait and watch (WW). An analysis for survival outcomes and prognostic factors was conducted. Results The estimated 3‐ and 5‐year disease‐free survival for the END group was 76% and 74% versus 71% and 68% for the WW group, respectively ( p = .53). The 3‐ and 5‐year overall survival (OS) rate for the END group was 69% and 60% versus 62% and 60% for the WW group, respectively ( p = .24). Tumor grade and perineural invasion were independent predictors of recurrence. Conclusion END did not impact disease‐free or OS. Current literature still remains divided on this issue emphasizing the need for a randomized controlled trial. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 2009