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Botulinum toxin—physiology and applications in head and neck disorders
Author(s) -
Keir James
Publication year - 2005
Publication title -
head and neck
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.012
H-Index - 127
eISSN - 1097-0347
pISSN - 1043-3074
DOI - 10.1002/hed.20247
Subject(s) - botulinum toxin , medicine , paresis , headaches , dystonia , sialorrhea , spasmodic dysphonia , cervical dystonia , anesthesia , dermatology , surgery , psychiatry
This article is structured around a literature review that was carried out using Ovid and Medline with the key words “botulinum,” “toxin,” and “ENT.” Botulinum toxin has been used safely in humans for more than 20 years. The effects are transient, such that treatments are required to be repeated at intervals. Its application to ENT provides a useful tool to treat dystonia, autonomic dysfunction, facial nerve paresis, and hyperfunctional lines. It may also be of benefit in laryngeal rebalancing and the treatment of headaches. Further research is being carried out and new indications for treatment with botulinum toxin may include sialorrhea and rhinorrhea. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 27: XXX–XXX, 2005