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Catastrophic payments for health care in Asia
Author(s) -
van Doorslaer Eddy,
O'Donnell Owen,
RannanEliya Ravindra P.,
Somanathan Aparnaa,
Adhikari Shiva Raj,
Garg Charu C.,
Harbianto Deni,
Herrin Alejandro N.,
Huq Mohammed Nazmul,
Ibragimova Shamsia,
Karan Anup,
Lee TaeJin,
Leung Gabriel M.,
Lu JuiFen Rachel,
Ng Chiu Wan,
Pande Badri Raj,
Racelis Rachel,
Tao Sihai,
Tin Keith,
Tisayaticom Kanjana,
Trisnantoro Laksono,
Vasavid Chitpranee,
Zhao Yuxin
Publication year - 2007
Publication title -
health economics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.55
H-Index - 109
eISSN - 1099-1050
pISSN - 1057-9230
DOI - 10.1002/hec.1209
Subject(s) - payment , china , health care , business , distribution (mathematics) , direct payments , developing country , population , economic growth , economics , development economics , demographic economics , socioeconomics , finance , geography , environmental health , medicine , mathematical analysis , mathematics , archaeology
Out‐of‐pocket (OOP) payments are the principal means of financing health care throughout much of Asia. We estimate the magnitude and distribution of OOP payments for health care in fourteen countries and territories accounting for 81% of the Asian population. We focus on payments that are catastrophic, in the sense of severely disrupting household living standards, and approximate such payments by those absorbing a large fraction of household resources. Bangladesh, China, India, Nepal and Vietnam rely most heavily on OOP financing and have the highest incidence of catastrophic payments. Sri Lanka, Thailand and Malaysia stand out as low to middle income countries that have constrained both the OOP share of health financing and the catastrophic impact of direct payments. In most low/middle‐income countries, the better‐off are more likely to spend a large fraction of total household resources on health care. This may reflect the inability of the poorest of the poor to divert resources from other basic needs and possibly the protection of the poor from user charges offered in some countries. But in China, Kyrgyz and Vietnam, where there are no exemptions of the poor from charges, they are as, or even more, likely to incur catastrophic payments. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.