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Does the profit motive make Jack nimble? Ownership form and the evolution of the US hospital industry
Author(s) -
Chakravarty Sujoy,
Gaynor Martin,
Klepper Steven,
Vogt William B.
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
health economics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.55
H-Index - 109
eISSN - 1099-1050
pISSN - 1057-9230
DOI - 10.1002/hec.1111
Subject(s) - profit (economics) , probit model , hazard model , economics , profit rate , barriers to entry , microeconomics , business , econometrics , market structure
Abstract We examine the evolving structure of the US hospital industry since 1970, focusing on how ownership form influences entry and exit behavior. We develop theoretical predictions based on the model of Lakdawalla and Philipson, in which for‐profit and not‐for‐profit hospitals differ regarding their objectives and costs of capital. The model predicts for‐profits would be quicker to enter and exit than not‐for‐profits in response to changing market conditions. We test this hypothesis using data for all US hospitals from 1984 to 2000. Examining annual and regional entry and exit rates, for‐profit hospitals consistently have higher entry and exit rates than not‐for‐profits. Econometric modeling of entry and exit rates yields similar patterns. Estimates of an ordered probit model of entry indicate that entry is more responsive to demand changes for for‐profit than not‐for‐profit hospitals. Estimates of a discrete hazard model for exit similarly indicate that negative demand shifts increase the probability of exit more for for‐profits than not‐for‐profits. Finally, membership in a hospital chain significantly decreases the probability of exit for for‐profits, but not not‐for‐profits. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.