Open AccessIntracranial and subcortical volumes in adolescents with early‐onset psychosis: A multisite mega‐analysis from the ENIGMA consortium
Author(s) -
Gurholt Tiril P.,
Lonning Vera,
Nerland Stener,
Jørgensen Kjetil N.,
Haukvik Unn K.,
Alloza Clara,
Arango Celso,
Barth Claudia,
Bearden Carrie E.,
Berk Michael,
Bohman Hannes,
Dandash Orwa,
DíazCaneja Covadonga M.,
Edbom Carl T.,
Erp Theo G. M.,
Fett AnneKathrin J.,
Frangou Sophia,
Goldstein Benjamin I.,
Grigorian Anahit,
Jahanshad Neda,
James Anthony C.,
Janssen Joost,
Johannessen Cecilie,
Karlsgodt Katherine H.,
Kempton Matthew J.,
Kochunov Peter,
Krabbendam Lydia,
Kyriakopoulos Marinos,
Lundberg Mathias,
MacIntosh Bradley J.,
Rund Bjørn Rishovd,
Smelror Runar E.,
Sultan Alysha,
Tamnes Christian K.,
Thomopoulos Sophia I.,
Vajdi Ariana,
WedervangResell Kirsten,
Myhre Anne M.,
Andreassen Ole A.,
Thompson Paul M.,
Agartz Ingrid
Publication year - 2022
Publication title -
human brain mapping
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.005
H-Index - 191
eISSN - 1097-0193
pISSN - 1065-9471
DOI - 10.1002/hbm.25212
Subject(s) - psychosis , neuroimaging , psychology , antipsychotic , schizophrenia (object oriented programming) , age of onset , magnetic resonance imaging , brain size , medicine , psychiatry , schizophreniform disorder , pediatrics , radiology , schizoaffective disorder , disease
Early‐onset psychosis disorders are serious mental disorders arising before the age of 18 years. Here, we investigate the largest neuroimaging dataset, to date, of patients with early‐onset psychosis and healthy controls for differences in intracranial and subcortical brain volumes. The sample included 263 patients with early‐onset psychosis (mean age: 16.4 ± 1.4 years, mean illness duration: 1.5 ± 1.4 years, 39.2% female) and 359 healthy controls (mean age: 15.9 ± 1.7 years, 45.4% female) with magnetic resonance imaging data, pooled from 11 clinical cohorts. Patients were diagnosed with early‐onset schizophrenia ( n = 183), affective psychosis ( n = 39), or other psychotic disorders ( n = 41). We used linear mixed‐effects models to investigate differences in intracranial and subcortical volumes across the patient sample, diagnostic subgroup and antipsychotic medication, relative to controls. We observed significantly lower intracranial (Cohen's d = −0.39) and hippocampal ( d = −0.25) volumes, and higher caudate ( d = 0.25) and pallidum ( d = 0.24) volumes in patients relative to controls. Intracranial volume was lower in both early‐onset schizophrenia ( d = −0.34) and affective psychosis ( d = −0.42), and early‐onset schizophrenia showed lower hippocampal ( d = −0.24) and higher pallidum ( d = 0.29) volumes. Patients who were currently treated with antipsychotic medication ( n = 193) had significantly lower intracranial volume ( d = −0.42). The findings demonstrate a similar pattern of brain alterations in early‐onset psychosis as previously reported in adult psychosis, but with notably low intracranial volume. The low intracranial volume suggests disrupted neurodevelopment in adolescent early‐onset psychosis.