Open AccessFunctional connectivity of the frontotemporal network in preattentive detection of abstract changes: Perturbs and observes with transcranial magnetic stimulation and event‐related optical signal
Author(s) -
Xiao XueZhen,
Shum YuHei,
Lui Troby K.Y.,
Wang Yang,
Cheung Alexandra T.C.,
Chu Winnie C. W.,
Neggers Sebastiaan F. W.,
Chan Sandra S.M.,
Tse ChunYu
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
human brain mapping
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.005
H-Index - 191
eISSN - 1097-0193
pISSN - 1065-9471
DOI - 10.1002/hbm.24984
Subject(s) - transcranial magnetic stimulation , change detection , psychology , neuroscience , mismatch negativity , temporal cortex , speech recognition , pattern recognition (psychology) , stimulation , computer science , electroencephalography , cognitive psychology , artificial intelligence
Current theories of automatic or preattentive change detection suggest a regularity or prediction violation mechanism involving functional connectivity between the inferior frontal cortex (IFC) and the superior temporal cortex (STC). By disrupting the IFC function with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and recording the later STC mismatch response with event‐related optical signal (EROS), previous study demonstrated a causal IFC‐to‐STC functional connection in detecting a pitch or physical change. However, physical change detection can be achieved by memory comparison of the physical features and may not necessarily involve regularity/rule extraction and prediction. The current study investigated the IFC–STC functional connectivity in detecting rule violation (i.e., an abstract change). Frequent standard tone pairs with a constant relative pitch difference, but varying pitches, were presented to establish a pitch interval rule. This abstract rule was violated by deviants with reduced relative pitch intervals. The EROS STC mismatch response to the deviants was abolished by the TMS applied at the IFC 80 ms after deviance onset, but preserved in the spatial (TMS on vertex), auditory (TMS sound), and temporal (200 ms after deviance onset) control conditions. These results demonstrate the IFC–STC connection in preattentive abstract change detection and support the regularity or prediction violation account.