Open AccessHypersensitivity to low intensity fearful faces in autism when fixation is constrained to the eyes
Author(s) -
Lassalle Amandine,
Åsberg Johnels Jakob,
Zürcher Nicole R.,
Hippolyte Loyse,
Billstedt Eva,
Ward Noreen,
Lemonnier Eric,
Gillberg Christopher,
Hadjikhani Nouchine
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
human brain mapping
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.005
H-Index - 191
eISSN - 1097-0193
pISSN - 1065-9471
DOI - 10.1002/hbm.23800
Subject(s) - psychology , ventromedial prefrontal cortex , amygdala , happiness , facial expression , disengagement theory , brain activity and meditation , autism , autism spectrum disorder , feeling , audiology , fixation (population genetics) , functional magnetic resonance imaging , neuroscience , developmental psychology , prefrontal cortex , cognition , electroencephalography , communication , social psychology , gerontology , medicine , population , demography , sociology
Abstract Previous studies that showed decreased brain activation in people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) viewing expressive faces did not control that participants looked in the eyes. This is problematic because ASD is characterized by abnormal attention to the eyes. Here, we collected fMRI data from 48 participants (27 ASD) viewing pictures of neutral faces and faces expressing anger, happiness, and fear at low and high intensity, with a fixation cross between the eyes. Group differences in whole brain activity were examined for expressive faces at high and low intensity versus neutral faces. Group differences in neural activity were also investigated in regions of interest within the social brain, including the amygdala and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). In response to low intensity fearful faces, ASD participants showed increased activation in the social brain regions, and decreased functional coupling between the amygdala and the vmPFC. This oversensitivity to low intensity fear coupled with a lack of emotional regulation capacity could indicate an excitatory/inhibitory imbalance in their socio‐affective processing system. This may result in social disengagement and avoidance of eye‐contact to handle feelings of strong emotional reaction. Our results also demonstrate the importance of careful control of gaze when investigating emotional processing in ASD. Hum Brain Mapp 38:5943–5957, 2017 . © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.