Open AccessEmotion and personal space: Neural correlates of approach‐avoidance tendencies to different facial expressions as a function of coldhearted psychopathic traits
Author(s) -
Vieira Joana B.,
Tavares Tamara P.,
Marsh Abigail A.,
Mitchell Derek G.V.
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
human brain mapping
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.005
H-Index - 191
eISSN - 1097-0193
pISSN - 1065-9471
DOI - 10.1002/hbm.23467
Subject(s) - psychology , temporoparietal junction , amygdala , empathy , facial expression , inferior frontal gyrus , insula , functional magnetic resonance imaging , neural correlates of consciousness , orbitofrontal cortex , emotional expression , socioemotional selectivity theory , cognitive psychology , brain mapping , prefrontal cortex , developmental psychology , neuroscience , cognition , social psychology , communication
Abstract In social interactions, humans are expected to regulate interpersonal distance in response to the emotion displayed by others. Yet, the neural mechanisms implicated in approach‐avoidance tendencies to distinct emotional expressions have not been fully described. Here, we investigated the neural systems implicated in regulating the distance to different emotions, and how they vary as a function of empathy. Twenty‐three healthy participants assessed for psychopathic traits underwent fMRI scanning while they viewed approaching and withdrawing angry, fearful, happy, sad and neutral faces. Participants were also asked to set the distance to those faces on a computer screen, and to adjust the physical distance from the experimenter outside the scanner. Participants kept the greatest distances from angry faces, and shortest from happy expressions. This was accompanied by increased activation in the dorsomedial prefrontal and orbitofrontal cortices, inferior frontal gyrus, and temporoparietal junction for angry and happy expressions relative to the other emotions. Irrespective of emotion, longer distances were kept from approaching faces, which was associated with increased activation in the amygdala and insula, as well as parietal and prefrontal regions. Amygdala activation was positively correlated with greater preferred distances to angry, fearful and sad expressions. Moreover, participants scoring higher on coldhearted psychopathic traits (lower empathy) showed reduced amygdala activation to sad expressions. These findings elucidate the neural mechanisms underlying social approach‐avoidance, and how they are related to variations in empathy. Hum Brain Mapp 38:1492–1506, 2017 . © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.