Open AccessA proactive task set influences how response inhibition is implemented in the basal ganglia
Author(s) -
Leunissen Inge,
Coxon James P.,
Swinnen Stephan P.
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
human brain mapping
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.005
H-Index - 191
eISSN - 1097-0193
pISSN - 1065-9471
DOI - 10.1002/hbm.23338
Subject(s) - basal ganglia , stop signal , subthalamic nucleus , striatum , neuroscience , psychology , functional magnetic resonance imaging , task (project management) , caudate nucleus , set (abstract data type) , response inhibition , ventral striatum , inhibitory control , cognition , deep brain stimulation , central nervous system , medicine , dopamine , computer science , parkinson's disease , telecommunications , programming language , disease , management , economics , latency (audio)
Increasing a participant's ability to prepare for response inhibition is known to result in longer Go response times and is thought to engage a “top‐down fronto‐striatal inhibitory task set.” This premise is supported by the observation of anterior striatum activation in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) analyses that focus on uncertain versus certain Go trials. It is assumed that setting up a proactive inhibitory task set also influences how participants subsequently implement stopping. To assess this assumption, we aimed to manipulate the degree of proactive inhibition in a modified stop‐signal task to see how this manipulation influences activation when reacting to the Stop cue. Specifically, we tested whether there is differential activity of basal ganglia nuclei, namely the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and anterior striatum, on Stop trials when stop‐signal probability was relatively low (20%) or high (40%). Successful stopping was associated with increased STN activity when Stop trials were infrequent and increased caudate head activation when Stop trials were more likely, suggesting a different implementation of reactive response inhibition by the basal ganglia for differing degrees of proactive response control. Hum Brain Mapp 37:4706–4717, 2016 . © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.