
Sequential evolution of cortical activity and effective connectivity of swallowing using fMRI
Author(s) -
Mihai Paul Glad,
Otto Mareile,
Platz Thomas,
Eickhoff Simon B.,
Lotze and Martin
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
human brain mapping
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.005
H-Index - 191
eISSN - 1097-0193
pISSN - 1065-9471
DOI - 10.1002/hbm.22597
Subject(s) - supplementary motor area , neuroscience , functional magnetic resonance imaging , somatosensory system , psychology , sma* , thalamus , premotor cortex , insula , swallowing , motor cortex , anatomy , medicine , computer science , dentistry , dorsum , algorithm , stimulation
Swallowing consists of a hierarchical sequence of primary motor and somatosensory processes. The temporal interplay of different phases is complex and clinical disturbances frequent. Of interest was the temporal interaction of the swallowing network. Time resolution optimized functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to describe the temporal sequence of representation sites of swallowing and their functional connectivity. Sixteen young healthy volunteers were investigated who swallowed 2 ml of water 20 times per run with a repetition time for functional imaging of 514 ms. After applying the general linear model approach to identify activation magnitude in preselected regions of interest repeated measures analysis of variance (rmANOVA) was used to detect relevant effects on lateralization, time, and onset. Furthermore, dynamic causal modeling (DCM) was applied to uncover where the input enters the model and the way in which the cortical regions are connected. The temporal analysis revealed a successive activation starting at the premotor cortex, supplementary motor area (SMA), and bilateral thalamus, followed by the primary sensorimotor cortex, the posterior insula, and cerebellum and culminating with activation in the pons shortly before subsiding. The rmANOVA revealed that activation was lateralized initially to the left hemisphere and gradually moved to the right hemisphere over time. The group random effects DCM analysis resulted in a most likely model that consisted of inputs to SMA and M1S1, bidirectionally connected, and a one‐way connection from M1S1 to the posterior insula. Hum Brain Mapp 35:5962–5973, 2014 . © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc .