Morale in old age: A review of the evidence

This article presents a review of the literature on morale. It presents data on the correlates of morale and refers to related research on self‐image, self‐esteem and well‐being. The aim of the article is to give an overview of factors associated with morale identified in the literature. These are summarized in the table. The article points to the relevance of some of these findings for practice. Attention is drawn to the likely overlap and covariance of many of the correlates and it is suggested that multivariant approaches to the analysis of morale may lead to greater understanding of the primary factors. A statistical modelling approach to the problem is promised in a later article.