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A population based study on the intra and inter‐rater reliability of the clock drawing test in Brazil: the Bambuí Health and Ageing Study
Author(s) -
Fuzikawa Cíntia,
LimaCosta Maria Fernanda,
Uchoa Elizabeth,
Barreto Sandhi Maria,
Shulman Ken
Publication year - 2003
Publication title -
international journal of geriatric psychiatry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.28
H-Index - 129
eISSN - 1099-1166
pISSN - 0885-6230
DOI - 10.1002/gps.863
Subject(s) - kappa , intraclass correlation , cohen's kappa , reliability (semiconductor) , population , inter rater reliability , medicine , correlation , psychology , demography , statistic , gerontology , statistics , clinical psychology , psychometrics , mathematics , developmental psychology , rating scale , environmental health , power (physics) , physics , geometry , quantum mechanics , sociology
Background Reliability should be considered when selecting a scoring system since it influences validity. CDT reliability has rarely been assessed in population based studies and in developing countries. The aim of the present study was to determine intra and inter–rater reliabilities of the CDT scored by the Shulman (2000) method, in elderly with very low formal educational level from Brazil. Methods CDTs performed by a random sample of 202 subjects of a population‐based cohort of elderly were scored on two occasions by the same rater and by two independent raters. Reliability was measured using the kappa statistic, weighted kappa and the intraclass correlation coefficient. Data were stratified according to gender, age and schooling level. Results Intra and inter–rater reliabilities were excellent when CDTs were classified as ‘normal’ (scores 4 or 5) or ‘abnormal’ (scores 0 to 3) (kappa = 0.99 and 0.94, respectively) and were in the good to excellent range when scored from 0 to 5 (kappa = 0.88 and 0.74, respectively). Difficulties in distinguishing between scores 4 and 5, and a low proportion of score 1 tests were found. Conclusions The CDT scored by the Shulman (2000) method appears to have good to excellent reliability in an elderly population with very low formal educational level. However, difficulties in distinguishing between scores 4 and 5, and a low proportion of score 1 tests suggest these scores may not be totally adequate for this population. Further studies are necessary to determine the consistency of our results in similar populations. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.