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Finding fault: Criticism as a care management strategy and its impact on outcomes for dementia caregivers
Author(s) -
Leggett Amanda N.,
Kales Helen C.,
Gitlin Laura N.
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
international journal of geriatric psychiatry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.28
H-Index - 129
eISSN - 1099-1166
pISSN - 0885-6230
DOI - 10.1002/gps.5052
Subject(s) - criticism , dementia , psychological intervention , psychology , caregiver burden , scale (ratio) , quality of life (healthcare) , intervention (counseling) , gerontology , medicine , clinical psychology , psychiatry , psychotherapist , art , physics , literature , disease , pathology , quantum mechanics
Background Despite a large literature on the stress process, little attention has focused on how caregivers for persons living with dementia (PLWDs) provide care and how this may impact care outcomes. Criticism is a management strategy caregivers may use to respond to behavioral symptoms. We consider whether criticism is associated with caregivers' mental health and service utilization. Methods Data are drawn from the Advancing Caregiver Training intervention study including 256 informal caregivers living with a PLWD. In multiple linear regressions controlling for caregivers' demographics and PLWDs' clinical factors, we consider criticism (criticism subscale of the Dementia Management Strategies Scale) as a predictor of caregiver burden, depressive symptoms, desire to institutionalize the PLWD, level of frustration with care, and the number of home‐based, social, and health services utilized. Results On average, 15% of the sample sometimes reported using criticism as a management strategy to manage the challenges of care. Greater use of criticism was associated with significantly more caregiver burden ( β = 0.26, P < 0.001) and frustration with caregiving ( β = 0.66, P < 0.001), but not depressive symptoms or a desire to institutionalize the PLWD. Criticism was also associated with significantly greater utilization of home‐based ( β = 0.14, P < 0.05) and social services ( β = 0.15, P < 0.05), but not health care services. Conclusion Criticism appears to be used by more burdened and frustrated caregivers. The association of criticism with social and home‐based services potentially reflects a need for greater support among this group of caregivers. Behavioral interventions that can help caregivers manage behavioral symptoms with positive, empirically validated strategies may be helpful.