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Hearing loss and incident psychosis in later life: The Health in Men Study (HIMS)
Author(s) -
Almeida Osvaldo P.,
Ford Andrew H.,
Hankey Graeme J.,
Yeap Bu B.,
Golledge Jonathan,
Flicker Leon
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
international journal of geriatric psychiatry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.28
H-Index - 129
eISSN - 1099-1166
pISSN - 0885-6230
DOI - 10.1002/gps.5028
Subject(s) - psychosis , hearing loss , incidence (geometry) , medicine , cohort , psychiatry , cohort study , psychology , pediatrics , audiology , physics , optics
Objective To determine if hearing loss is associated with increased risk of incident psychosis in later life. Methods Longitudinal cohort study of a community‐representative sample of 38 173 men aged 65 to 85 years at the start of the follow‐up period of 18 years. We used the Western Australian Data Linkage System to ascertain the presence of hearing loss and of psychotic disorders according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) (versions 8, 9, and 10). We also collected information on concurrent morbidities: cancer and diseases of the cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, and renal systems. Results One thousand four hundred forty‐two (3.8%) and 464 (1.2%) men had a recorded diagnosis of hearing loss and psychosis at the start of follow‐up. After excluding the 464 participants with prevalent psychosis, 37 709 men were available for the longitudinal study, and of these, 252 (0.7%) developed a psychotic disorder. Competing risk regression showed that hearing loss was associated incident psychosis (subhazard ratio = 2.03, 95% CI, 1.24‐3.32; after statistical adjustment for age and concurrent morbidities). Conclusions Hearing loss is associated with double the risk of incident psychosis in older men. Available evidence suggests that this link could be causal, although conclusive evidence is still missing from randomized controlled trials designed to test the effect of correction of hearing loss on the prevalence and incidence of psychosis.