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Daytime somnolence as an early sign of cognitive decline in a community‐based study of older people
Author(s) -
Tsapanou Angeliki,
Gu Yian,
O'Shea Deirdre,
Eich Teal,
Tang MingXin,
Schupf Nicole,
Manly Jennifer,
Zimmerman Molly,
Scarmeas Nikolaos,
Stern Yaakov
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
international journal of geriatric psychiatry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.28
H-Index - 129
eISSN - 1099-1166
pISSN - 0885-6230
DOI - 10.1002/gps.4318
Subject(s) - somnolence , psychology , cognition , cognitive decline , population , excessive daytime sleepiness , audiology , epworth sleepiness scale , sleep disorder , psychiatry , clinical psychology , medicine , polysomnography , dementia , adverse effect , disease , apnea , environmental health
Objective This study aimed to examine the association between self‐reported sleep problems and cognitive decline in community‐dwelling older people. We hypothesized that daytime somnolence predicts subsequent cognitive decline. Methods This is a longitudinal study in a 3.2‐year follow‐up, with 18‐month intervals. The setting is the Washington Heights‐Inwood Community Aging Project. There were 1098 participants, who were over 65 years old and recruited from the community. Sleep problems were estimated using five sleep categories derived from the RAND Medical Outcome Study Sleep Scale: sleep disturbance, snoring, awaken short of breath/with a headache, sleep adequacy, and daytime somnolence. Four distinct cognitive composite scores were calculated: memory, language, speed of processing, and executive functioning. We used generalized estimating equations analyses with cognitive scores as the outcome, and time, sleep categories and their interactions as the main predictors. Models were initially unadjusted and then adjusted for age, gender, education, ethnicity, depression, and apolipoprotein E‐ε4 genotype. Results Increased daytime somnolence (including feeling drowsy/sleepy, having trouble staying awake, and taking naps during the day) was linked to slower speed of processing both cross‐sectionally ( B = −0.143, p = 0.047) and longitudinally ( B = −0.003, p = 0.027). After excluding the demented participants at baseline, the results remained significant ( B = −0.003, p = 0.021). Conclusions Our findings suggest that daytime somnolence may be an early sign of cognitive decline in the older population. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.