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Costs explained by function rather than diagnosis—results from the SNAC Nordanstig elderly cohort in Sweden
Author(s) -
Lindholm C.,
Gustavsson A.,
Jönsson L.,
Wimo A.
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
international journal of geriatric psychiatry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.28
H-Index - 129
eISSN - 1099-1166
pISSN - 0885-6230
DOI - 10.1002/gps.3844
Subject(s) - activities of daily living , dementia , cohort , population , gerontology , medicine , cognition , multivariate analysis , multivariate statistics , psychology , psychiatry , disease , environmental health , statistics , mathematics , pathology
Background Because the prevalence of many brain disorders rises with age, and brain disorders are costly, the economic burden of brain disorders will increase markedly during the next decades. Aim The purpose of this study is to analyze how the costs to society vary with different levels of functioning and with the presence of a brain disorder. Methods Resource utilization and costs from a societal viewpoint were analyzed versus cognition, activities of daily living (ADL), instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), brain disorder diagnosis and age in a population‐based cohort of people aged 65 years and older in Nordanstig in Northern Sweden. Descriptive statistics, non‐parametric bootstrapping and a generalized linear model (GLM) were used for the statistical analyses. Results Most people were zero users of care. Societal costs of dementia were by far the highest, ranging from SEK 262 000 (mild) to SEK 519 000 per year (severe dementia). In univariate analysis, all measures of functioning were significantly related to costs. When controlling for ADL and IADL in the multivariate GLM, cognition did not have a statistically significant effect on total cost. The presence of a brain disorder did not impact total cost when controlling for function. The greatest shift in costs was seen when comparing no dependency in ADL and dependency in one basic ADL function. Conclusion It is the level of functioning, rather than the presence of a brain disorder diagnosis, which predicts costs. ADLs are better explanatory variables of costs than Mini mental state examination. Most people in a population‐based cohort are zero users of care. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.