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The MMSE orientation for time domain is a strong predictor of subsequent cognitive decline in the elderly
Author(s) -
GuerreroBerroa Elizabeth,
Luo Xiaodong,
Schmeidler James,
Rapp Michael A.,
Dahlman Karen,
Grossman Hillel T.,
Haroutunian Vahram,
Beeri Michal Schnaider
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
international journal of geriatric psychiatry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.28
H-Index - 129
eISSN - 1099-1166
pISSN - 0885-6230
DOI - 10.1002/gps.2282
Subject(s) - cognitive decline , cognition , dementia , recall , orientation (vector space) , psychology , audiology , mini–mental state examination , gerontology , medicine , cognitive impairment , psychiatry , cognitive psychology , mathematics , disease , geometry
Background The mini‐mental state exam (MMSE) has been used to address questions such as determination of appropriate cutoff scores for differentiation of individuals with intact cognitive function from patients with dementia and rate of cognitive decline. However, little is known about the relationship of performance in specific cognitive domains to subsequent overall decline. Objective To examine the specific and/or combined contribution of four MMSE domains (orientation for time, orientation for place, delayed recall, and attention) to prediction of overall cognitive decline on the MMSE. Methods Linear mixed models were applied to 505 elderly nursing home residents (mean age = 85, > 12 years education = 27%; 79% F, mean follow‐up = 3.20 years) to examine the relationship between baseline scores of these domains and total MMSE scores over time. Results Orientation for time was the only domain significantly associated with MMSE decline over time. Combination of poor delayed recall with either attention or orientation for place was associated with significantly increased decline on the MMSE. Conclusions The MMSE orientation for time predicts overall decline on MMSE scores over time. A good functioning domain added to good functioning delayed recall was associated with slower rate of decline. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.