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Association of depressive symptoms with bone mineral density in older men: a population‐based study
Author(s) -
Laudisio Alice,
Marzetti Emanuele,
Cocchi Alberto,
Bernabei Roberto,
Zuccalà Giuseppe
Publication year - 2008
Publication title -
international journal of geriatric psychiatry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.28
H-Index - 129
eISSN - 1099-1166
pISSN - 0885-6230
DOI - 10.1002/gps.2037
Subject(s) - medicine , osteoporosis , geriatric depression scale , confounding , depression (economics) , bone mineral , standard score , population , physical therapy , depressive symptoms , psychiatry , cognition , environmental health , machine learning , computer science , economics , macroeconomics
Objective Thirty percent of hip fractures occur in men; nevertheless, the determinants of osteoporosis in men are unclear. Methods We assessed the association of ultrasound‐derived bone mineral density (UD‐BMD) with depressive symptoms in a population‐based study. We assessed the association of 30‐item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) score with the ultrasound‐derived T‐score, Z‐score, and Stiffness index in all 306 subjects aged 75 + living in Tuscania (Italy). Results In multivariable linear regression analysis, GDS was associated among men with the ultrasound‐derived T ‐score ( β = −0.09; 95% CI = −0.15 to −0.03; p = 0.003), Z ‐score ( β = −0.07; 95% CI = −0.13 to −0.01; p = 0.032), and the Stiffness index ( β = −0.90; 95% CI = −1.64 to −0.16; p = 0.018) after adjusting for potential confounders. No significant associations were observed in women. In linear discriminant analysis, the GDS score cutoff that best predicted osteoporosis was ≥19. Participants with mild to severe depressive symptoms had threefold increased probability of having an ultrasound‐derived T ‐score < −2.5. Conclusions Depressive symptoms are independently associated with all UD‐BMD parameters. As depression is a common feature among older populations, and because subjects with depression are infrequent users of preventive services, older men with depression should be prompted to undergo screening for osteoporosis. Conversely, assessment for depression should be performed in older men with diagnosis of osteoporosis. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.