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Roles of glial ion transporters in brain diseases
Author(s) -
Song Shanshan,
Luo Lanxin,
Sun Baoshan,
Sun Dandan
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
glia
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.954
H-Index - 164
eISSN - 1098-1136
pISSN - 0894-1491
DOI - 10.1002/glia.23699
Subject(s) - excitotoxicity , biology , neuroscience , cotransporter , neuroinflammation , homeostasis , neuroglia , astrocyte , transporter , microbiology and biotechnology , central nervous system , inflammation , chemistry , immunology , programmed cell death , apoptosis , biochemistry , organic chemistry , gene , sodium
Glial ion transporters are important in regulation of ionic homeostasis, cell volume, and cellular signal transduction under physiological conditions of the central nervous system (CNS). In response to acute or chronic brain injuries, these ion transporters can be activated and differentially regulate glial functions, which has subsequent impact on brain injury or tissue repair and functional recovery. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge about major glial ion transporters, including Na + /H + exchangers (NHE), Na + /Ca 2+ exchangers (NCX), Na + –K + –Cl − cotransporters (NKCC), and Na + –HCO 3 − cotransporters (NBC). In acute neurological diseases, such as ischemic stroke and traumatic brain injury (TBI), these ion transporters are rapidly activated and play significant roles in regulation of the intra‐ and extracellular pH, Na + , K + , and Ca 2+ homeostasis, synaptic plasticity, and myelin formation. However, overstimulation of these ion transporters can contribute to glial apoptosis, demyelination, inflammation, and excitotoxicity. In chronic brain diseases, such as glioma, Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and multiple sclerosis (MS), glial ion transporters are involved in the glioma Warburg effect, glial activation, neuroinflammation, and neuronal damages. These findings suggest that glial ion transporters are involved in tissue structural and functional restoration, or brain injury and neurological disease development and progression. A better understanding of these ion transporters in acute and chronic neurological diseases will provide insights for their potential as therapeutic targets.