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Characterization of inflammatory markers and transcriptome profiles of differentially activated embryonic stem cell‐derived microglia
Author(s) -
Beins Eva,
Ulas Thomas,
Ternes Svenja,
Neumann Harald,
Schultze Joachim L.,
Zimmer Andreas
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
glia
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.954
H-Index - 164
eISSN - 1098-1136
pISSN - 0894-1491
DOI - 10.1002/glia.22979
Subject(s) - microglia , biology , transcriptome , embryonic stem cell , microbiology and biotechnology , neuroinflammation , stem cell , flow cytometry , neuroscience , inflammation , immunology , gene expression , gene , genetics
Microglia, the immune cells of the CNS, are highly adaptive cells that can acquire different pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory activation states with distinct functions in CNS homeostasis and pathologies. To study microglial function in vitro , primary microglia or immortalized cell lines are commonly used. An alternative to these cells are embryonic stem cell‐derived microglia (ESdM). ESdM have previously been shown to be very similar to primary microglia in terms of expression profiles and surface molecules. In this study, ESdM and primary microglia were treated with different inflammatory stimulants to analyze their ability to adopt different activation states. Using quantitative real‐time PCR, comparative transcriptomics, ELISA, and flow cytometry, we found that different activation states can be induced in ESdM, which are similar to those found in primary microglia. These states are characterized by specific sets of inflammatory marker molecules and differential transcriptome signatures. Our results show that ESdM are a valuable alternative cell model to study microglial functions and neuroinflammatory mechanisms. GLIA 2016;64:1007–1020