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Upregulation of the stress‐associated gene p8 in mouse models of demyelination and in multiple sclerosis tissues
Author(s) -
Plant Sheila R.,
Wang Ying,
Vasseur Sophie,
Thrash J. Cameron,
Mcmahon Eileen J.,
Bergstralh Daniel T.,
Arnett Heather A.,
Miller Stephen D.,
Carson Monica J.,
Iovanna Juan L.,
Ting Jenny PY.
Publication year - 2005
Publication title -
glia
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.954
H-Index - 164
eISSN - 1098-1136
pISSN - 0894-1491
DOI - 10.1002/glia.20297
Subject(s) - downregulation and upregulation , multiple sclerosis , remyelination , biology , neuroinflammation , experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis , inflammation , microglia , pathology , white matter , encephalomyelitis , oligodendrocyte , myelin , central nervous system , immunology , endocrinology , medicine , gene , magnetic resonance imaging , biochemistry , radiology
Cuprizone‐induced demyelination is a mouse model of multiple sclerosis (MS) as cuprizone‐fed mice exhibit neuroinflammation and demyelination in the brain. Upon removal of cuprizone from the diet, inflammation is resolved and reparative remyelination occurs. In an Affymetrix GeneChip analysis, the stress‐associated gene p8 was strongly upregulated (>10×) during cuprizone‐induced demyelination but not remyelination. We verified this upregulation (>15×) of p8 in the CNS during demyelination by real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This upregulation is brain‐specific, as p8 is not elevated in the liver, lung, kidney, spleen, and heart of cuprizone‐treated mice. We also localized the cellular source of p8 during cuprizone treatment, and further found elevated expression during embryogenesis but not in normal adult brain. Compared with wild‐type controls, the death of oligodendrocytes in p8 −/− mice is delayed, as is microglial recruitment to areas of demyelination. The corpus callosum of p8 −/− mice demyelinates at a slower rate than wild‐type mice, suggesting that p8 exacerbates CNS inflammation and demyelination. Enhanced expression of p8 is also observed in the spinal cords of mice with acute experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) induced by PLP 139‐151 peptide (10×). Increased expression is detected during disease onset and expression wanes during the remission phase. Finally, p8 is found upregulated (8×) in post‐mortem tissue from MS patients and is higher in the plaque tissue compared with adjacent normal‐appearing white and gray matter. Thus, p8 is an excellent candidate as a novel biomarker of demyelination. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.