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Origin of quartz geodes from Laño and Tubilla del Agua sections (middle–upper Campanian, Basque‐Cantabrian Basin, northern Spain): isotopic differences during diagenetic processes
Author(s) -
GómezAlday Juan J.,
GarcíaGarmilla Francisco,
Elorza Javier
Publication year - 2002
Publication title -
geological journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.721
H-Index - 54
eISSN - 1099-1034
pISSN - 0072-1050
DOI - 10.1002/gj.904
Subject(s) - anhydrite , geology , calcite , diagenesis , evaporite , quartz , sedimentary rock , geochemistry , carbonate , meteoric water , mineralogy , cretaceous , lithology , paleontology , gypsum , chemistry , hydrothermal circulation , organic chemistry
Quartz geodes and nodular chert have been found within middle–upper Campanian carbonate sediments from the Laño and Tubilla del Agua sections of the Basque‐Cantabrian Basin, northern Spain. The morphology of geodes together with the presence of anhydrite laths included in megaquartz crystals and spherulitic fibrous quartz (quartzine‐lutecite), suggest an origin from previous anhydrite nodules. The anhydrite nodules at Laño were produced by the percolation of marine brines, during a period corresponding to a sedimentary gap, with δ 34 S and δ 18 O mean values of 18.8‰ and 13.6‰ respectively, consistent with Upper Cretaceous seawater sulphate values. Higher δ 34 S and δ 18 O mean values of 21.2‰ and 21.8‰ recorded in the Tubilla del Agua section are interpreted as being due to a partial bacterial sulphate reduction process in a more restricted marine environment. The idea that sulphates may have originated from the leaching of previously deposited Keuper sulphate evaporites with subsequent precipitation as anhydrite, is rejected because the δ 34 S, δ 18 O and 87 Sr/ 86 Sr values of anhydrite laths observed at both the Tubilla del Agua and Laño sections suggest an origin from younger marine brines. Later calcite replacement and precipitation of geode‐filling calcite is recorded in both sections, with δ 13 C and δ 18 O values indicating the participation of meteoric waters. Synsedimentary activity of the Peñacerrada diapir, which lies close to the Laño section, played a significant role in the local shallowing of the basin and the formation of quartz geodes. In contrast, eustatic shallowing of the inner marine series of the Tubilla del Agua section led to the generation of morphologically similar quartz geodes. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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