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Genesis of the Huanggoushan Pb–Zn–Au polymetallic deposit in southern Jilin Province, NE China: Constraints from fluid inclusions and C–H–O–S–Pb isotope systematics
Author(s) -
Wang ZhiGao,
Wang KeYong,
Wan Duo,
Konare Yassa,
Liang YiHong
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
geological journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.721
H-Index - 54
eISSN - 1099-1034
pISSN - 0072-1050
DOI - 10.1002/gj.3586
Subject(s) - geology , mineralization (soil science) , fluid inclusions , meteoric water , geochemistry , pyrite , sulfide , sulfate , hydrothermal circulation , mineralogy , sulfur , δ34s , seawater , ore genesis , chemistry , oceanography , organic chemistry , seismology , soil science , soil water
The Huanggoushan Pb–Zn–Au deposit is located in the central part of southern Jilin Province in northeastern portion of the North China Craton. It experienced two types of mineralization, namely, stratabound Pb–Zn mineralization placed close to interlayer fracture zones of banded marble and veined Au mineralization controlled by NNE‐trending brittle–ductile shear zones. The Pb–Zn mineralization is characterized by a low‐temperature and low‐salinity H 2 O–NaCl system of hydrothermal fluids that yielded δD and δ 18 O H2O values similar to those of meteoric water. The δ 34 S values of sulfide minerals in the Pb–Zn ores range from 14.8‰ to 17.1‰ with an average of 16.1‰, which reflects a sulfur origin in the seawater sulfate. The sulfur of Pb–Zn ores was most possibly transformed from that of sulfate S 6+ into the sulfide S 2− by bacteriogenic sulfate reduction processes. Lead isotopic compositions of sulfides separated from the Pb–Zn ores show 206 Pb/ 204 Pb ratios from 15.309 to 16.353, 207 Pb/ 204 Pb ratios from 15.321 to 15.485, and 208 Pb/ 204 Pb ratios from 34.883 to 35.550. By contrast, original medium‐high‐temperature hydrothermal fluids in stage I of the Au mineralization are represented by low‐salinity H 2 O–CO 2 –NaCl system with relatively higher δD and δ 18 O H2O values, which indicates that original ore‐forming fluids were possibly sourced from the Mesozoic magmatic fluids. The δ 13 C values of fluid inclusions in hydrothermal quartz from Au ores range from −9.6‰ to −2.4‰, most values of which are similar to those of magmas. The sulfides in Au ores have relatively lower δ 34 S values of 1.0‰ to 8.0‰ than those of sulfides in the Pb–Zn ores. The various δ 34 S values of sulfides from the Au ores, similar to those of sulfides from the Mesozoic magmatic hydrothermal Au deposits in Heilongjiang—Jilin region, reflect a magmatic sulfur origin. Lead isotopic compositions of sulfides from the Au ores have relatively higher ratios, with 206 Pb/ 204 Pb from 17.852 to 20.468, 207 Pb/ 204 Pb from 15.591 to 15.833, and 208 Pb/ 204 Pb from 37.051 to 38.899. Collectively, geology, fluid inclusions, and isotope geochemistry suggest that ore‐forming fluids of the Pb–Zn mineralization originated from heated seawater with sulfur and lead sourced from seawater sulfate and upper crust, respectively. Thus, the Pb–Zn mineralization can be classified as the Paleoproterozoic SEDEX Pb–Zn category. Whereas, the ore‐forming fluids and sulfur of Au mineralization were of the Mesozoic magmatic origin, with the lead materials from the Paleoproterozoic Zhenzhumen Formation. These features demonstrate that the Au minerlization was closely related to the Mesozoic magmatic‐hydrothermal activity and thus categorized as Mesozoic magmatic hydrothermal Au.