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Multi‐ethnic analysis shows genetic risk and environmental predictors interact to influence 25(OH)D concentration and optimal vitamin D intake
Author(s) -
Hatchell Kathryn E.,
Lu Qiongshi,
Mares Julie A.,
Michos Erin D.,
Wood Alexis C.,
Engelman Corinne D.
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
genetic epidemiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.301
H-Index - 98
eISSN - 1098-2272
pISSN - 0741-0395
DOI - 10.1002/gepi.22272
Subject(s) - vitamin d and neurology , body mass index , vitamin , cohort , medicine , zoology , demography , physiology , biology , endocrinology , sociology
25‐Hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration is a complex trait with genetic and environmental predictors that may determine how much vitamin D exposure is required to reach optimal concentration. Interactions between continuous measures of a polygenic score (PGS) and vitamin D intake (PGS*intake) or available ultraviolet (UV) radiation (PGS*UV) were evaluated in individuals of African ( n = 1,099) or European ( n = 8,569) ancestries. Interaction terms and joint effects (main and interaction terms) were tested using one‐degree of freedom (1‐DF) and 2‐DF models, respectively. Models controlled for age, sex, body mass index, cohort, and dietary intake/available UV. In addition, in participants achieving Institute of Medicine (IOM) vitamin D intake recommendations, 25(OH)D was evaluated by level PGS. The 2‐DF PGS*intake, 1‐DF PGS*UV, and 2‐DF PGS*UV results were statistically significant in participants of European ancestry ( p = 3.3 × 10 −18 , p = 2.1 × 10 −2 , and p = 2.4 × 10 −19 , respectively), but not in those of African ancestry. In European‐ancestry participants reaching IOM vitamin D intake guidelines, the percent of participants achieving adequate 25(OH)D ( > 20 ng/ml) increased as genetic risk decreased (72% vs. 89% in highest vs. lowest risk; p = .018). Available UV radiation and vitamin D intake interact with genetics to influence 25(OH)D. Individuals with higher genetic risk may require more vitamin D exposure to maintain optimal 25(OH)D concentrations.